Revolutionary AI Technology Could Transform Heart Disease Detection

Published

5 months ago

August 5, 2024

RTX

Scientists are hailing a new artificial intelligence (AI) technology as “game changing” for its ability to identify individuals at risk of heart attacks up to a decade before they occur. This groundbreaking technology, developed by Caristo Diagnostics, an Oxford University spinout, detects inflammation in the heart that traditional CT scans often miss.

The AI model, known as CaRi-Heart, analyzes routine CT scans using an advanced algorithm to identify coronary inflammation and plaque. Unlike conventional CT scans, which rely on X-rays and computer technology, CaRi-Heart can detect subtle biological processes that are invisible to the human eye but crucial for predicting cardiovascular risk.

The technology is currently being tested in a pilot project supported by NHS England, running at five hospital trusts across Oxford, Milton Keynes, Leicester, Liverpool, and Wolverhampton. A decision on whether the technology will be adopted widely within the NHS is expected within the coming months.

Prof. Keith Channon from the University of Oxford praised the technology for its transformative potential. “For the first time, we can detect biological processes that precede the development of blockages and narrowings in the heart,” he said.

During the pilot, patients experiencing chest pain who are referred for a routine CT scan have their results analyzed by the CaRi-Heart platform. The algorithm’s findings are then reviewed by trained operators to ensure accuracy. Research has linked increased inflammation to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and fatal heart attacks.

The British Heart Foundation (BHF) reports that around 7.6 million people in the UK live with heart disease, with the annual NHS cost estimated at £7.4 billion. Each year, approximately 350,000 patients in the UK undergo cardiac CT scans. The Orfan study (Oxford Risk Factors and Non-invasive Imaging), involving 40,000 patients and published in The Lancet, found that 80% of patients returned to primary care without a defined prevention or treatment plan. However, the study also indicated that patients with coronary inflammation had a 20 to 30 times higher risk of dying from a cardiac event within the next decade.

Using the new AI technology, 45% of these high-risk patients were prescribed medication or advised to make lifestyle changes to mitigate future heart attack risks.

Ian Pickford, 58, from Barwell in Leicestershire, was referred for a CT scan in November 2023 due to persistent chest pain and enrolled in the Orfan study. The AI analysis indicated he was at high risk for a heart attack, leading to a prescription for statins and lifestyle recommendations. “It’s a huge wake-up call,” Pickford said, reflecting on the impact of the findings.

Prof. Charalambos Antoniades, lead researcher for the Orfan study, emphasized the advanced capabilities of this AI technology compared to traditional risk calculators. “Now, with this technology, we can identify disease activity in arteries before the disease develops, allowing us to intervene early and prevent heart attacks,” he said.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence is currently reviewing the AI technology to determine its potential for broader NHS use. It is also under evaluation in the US and has already received approval for use in Europe and Australia.

Technology

Two-Year-Old Boy Cancer-Free After Groundbreaking Treatment in North London

Published

1 day ago

December 28, 2024

RTX

A two-year-old boy from North London has become the youngest person to be treated for cancer using Nanoknife technology, and he is now cancer-free.

George, from Camden, was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a rare and aggressive form of soft tissue cancer, in his liver and bile duct during the summer of 2023. His father, Jonathan, recalled the moment of the diagnosis as devastating. “I will never forget that moment,” Jonathan said. “It felt like my entire world had collapsed.”

After undergoing three rounds of chemotherapy, George was treated with Nanoknife technology at King’s College Hospital. This pioneering treatment uses electrical currents to target and destroy cancerous tissue. Surgeons successfully removed the tumor from George’s liver, ensuring clear margins around the affected area.

Jonathan expressed his relief and joy, saying, “The surgeons managed to remove all the tumor, and had clear margins all the way around the removed section of his liver. This was the news we’d been hoping and praying for.” He added that from the moment George was diagnosed, he and his family worked tirelessly to ensure their son received the best possible treatment. “We loved that the Nanoknife was something new and groundbreaking, and we felt we had some input into making it happen.”

Eighteen months after his initial diagnosis, George is now cancer-free and began attending nursery school in September. His recovery has been celebrated as a remarkable success, and he was recently awarded the Cancer Research UK for Children & Young People Star Award for his bravery throughout the treatment process.

George’s story highlights the potential of innovative medical technologies in the fight against cancer, offering hope to families facing similar challenges. The use of Nanoknife technology marks a significant step forward in the treatment of pediatric cancers, with George serving as a testament to the possibilities of new, life-saving treatments.

The family’s journey, while marked by fear and uncertainty, has ended on a hopeful note, with George’s future brighter than ever.

Technology

Scientists Explore the Mystery of the Sun’s Lost Companion Star

Published

3 days ago

December 26, 2024

RTX

Our Sun, the central star of our Solar System, is somewhat of an anomaly in the Milky Way galaxy, where binary star systems—pairs of stars that orbit each other—are quite common. However, recent research suggests that the Sun may have once had a companion, a partner it has since lost to time. The big question now is: where did it go?

The Sun, orbiting in one of the Milky Way’s spiral arms, takes about 230 million years to make a full orbit around the galaxy. While it currently drifts alone, the nearest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is located 4.2 light-years away—a distance so vast it would take thousands of years for even the fastest spacecraft to reach.

However, scientists are increasingly recognizing that most stars, unlike the Sun, form in pairs. In fact, binary star systems are so prevalent that some astrophysicists suggest that all stars may have originally formed as binary pairs. This leads to an intriguing question: could our Sun have once been part of such a system, only to lose its companion long ago?

Gongjie Li, an astronomer at the Georgia Institute of Technology, says it is certainly a possibility. “It’s very interesting,” he noted, pointing out that the absence of a companion star likely spared Earth from gravitational disruptions that might have made life on our planet impossible.

The idea that stars form in pairs is supported by recent findings. Sarah Sadavoy, an astrophysicist at Queen’s University in Canada, has shown that the process of star formation often leads to the creation of multiple stars. Her 2017 research indicated that star-forming regions, like the Perseus molecular cloud, preferentially create pairs of stars. However, not all stars in these systems remain together; some break apart within a million years.

If our Sun had a companion star, it likely would have had significant effects on our Solar System’s formation. For instance, Amir Siraj, an astrophysicist at Harvard University, suggests that the presence of such a companion could explain some of the features of the Oort Cloud—a vast, icy region far beyond Pluto. This distant shell of icy objects could have been influenced by the gravitational pull of the Sun’s missing twin, possibly even contributing to the hypothesized existence of Planet Nine, a yet-undiscovered planet in the outer reaches of our Solar System.

While finding our Sun’s companion star may be a difficult task, Konstantin Batygin, a planetary scientist at the California Institute of Technology, believes there may be clues yet to be uncovered. Recent simulations suggest that a binary companion could explain some of the structure of the Oort Cloud and the slight tilt of the Sun’s axis.

Despite the challenges, the idea that our Sun had a companion star raises intriguing questions about the formation of exoplanetary systems. As astronomers continue to explore distant regions of space, they may eventually uncover more evidence of our Sun’s lost twin—offering insights not only into the history of our own Solar System but also into the diverse ways stars and planets come into being across the universe.

Technology

Journalism Body Urges Apple to Remove AI Feature After Misleading Headline

Published

1 week ago

December 19, 2024

RTX

A leading journalism group has called for Apple to remove its new generative AI feature following an incident in which the technology created a misleading headline about a high-profile murder case in the United States.

The BBC lodged a complaint with Apple after its Apple Intelligence tool, which uses artificial intelligence to summarise and group together notifications, falsely created a headline suggesting that Luigi Mangione, accused of the murder of healthcare insurance CEO Brian Thompson, had shot himself. The claim was inaccurate, as Mangione has not made any such action.

Following the error, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) voiced concerns about the risks posed by generative AI tools to media outlets. The group stressed that the incident demonstrated the AI’s unreliability and immaturity in providing trustworthy information to the public.

Vincent Berthier, head of RSF’s technology and journalism desk, stated, “AIs are probability machines, and facts can’t be decided by a roll of the dice.” He added that the misattribution of false information to a respected media outlet like the BBC undermines the credibility of both the news outlet and the public’s trust in the information they receive.

Apple Intelligence, which was launched in the UK last week, allows users to group notifications, including news summaries, to reduce interruptions from constant alerts. The feature is available on devices running iOS 18.1 or later, including the iPhone 16, iPhone 15 Pro, and iPhone 15 Pro Max, as well as some iPads and Macs.

The BBC spokesperson confirmed the corporation had contacted Apple regarding the issue, urging them to address the problem. However, it has not yet been confirmed if the company has responded. In addition to the misleading headline regarding Mangione, the notification summary also provided accurate details on unrelated topics, including the political situation in Syria and updates on South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol.

This is not the first instance of Apple Intelligence misrepresenting news. In November, three articles from the New York Times were grouped together in one notification, which included the false claim that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had been arrested. The notification misrepresented an arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court, leading to confusion about the actual content of the articles. The New York Times has not commented on the incident.

Apple has yet to respond to the complaints, but the company’s notification feature has raised broader concerns regarding the reliability of AI-generated news summaries. While users can report issues with notifications, Apple has not disclosed how many reports it has received. As the debate continues, the accuracy of generative AI in journalism remains a hot topic.